Since 2000, trade between Africa and China has expanded 30-fold, but the relationship is now being reshaped by
three major phases.
First, Africa’s exports are becoming more diversified. Hydrocarbons and raw minerals made up 85% of exports in 2005, but their share fell to under 70% by 2025.
Second, Chinese exports to Africa are moving up the value chain. Electric vehicles, solar equipment, and industrial machinery helped drive Chinese exports to the continent to $225 billion in 2025.
Third, the bilateral trade deficit reached a record $102 billion last year. However, because total trade between both sides grew even faster, the deficit accounted for a smaller share of overall trade than in previous years.